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Abu Dis is a Palestinian town in the Jerusalem Governorate of the Palestinian National Authority bordering Jerusalem. Since the 1995 Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Abu Dis has been part of "Area B", under joint Israeli and Palestinian control. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) census, Abu Dis had a population of 10,782 in 2007.〔Abu Dis〕 A waste disposal site was constructed in Abu Dis in the 1980s, in accordance with the 1987 Solid waste Disposal Master Plan for Judea and Samaria, and it was planned to operate for 20 years. The site is located between Abu Dis and Ayzrya on the eastern side of the separation barrier. It lies between Israeli settlements: Ma’ale Adummim〔Maa'le Adummim〕 and Qedar. The site is in "Area C", an area under the Oslo Accords,〔Oslo Accords〕 over which Israel has complete authority. While the Abu Dis landfill serves both Israel and Palestine, a majority of the waste originates in Israeli cities and settlements. Jerusalem, including East Jerusalem, constitutes for 90% of the waste. A small percentage of the waste comes from Israeli settlements within Palestine, and Palestinian communities contribute 6% of the waste.〔B’tselem and Bikom, op. cit., p 32.〕 For years, there have been plans to close Abu Dis and open a new, larger landfill around Anata, Khan al-Ahmar and Nabi Musa. However, a replacement waste disposal site is needed for the Abu Dis site to be closed completely and this has not yet happened. Until the current site closes, Abu Dis will continue to expand in size to meet the increasing amount of waste being dumped. This expansion requires obtaining more lands; these lands will be taken by the State of Israel for “public purposes” from the areas surrounding the landfill, which are often farmlands, or villages. The Abu Dis site is being mismanaged; this mismanagement is causing many environmental damages, which endanger human life. Pollutants from the site contaminate the air and water, posing numerous health hazards for the local population. There have been many demands for the closure of the site since it poses many environmental, sanitation and health threats. The waste disposal site at Abu Dis is illegal according to international and national law because the majority of waste that is being deposited at the site originates from Israeli sources rather than Palestinian sources. ==Costs and Restriction== Two factors are prohibiting Palestinian access to the site: the landfill levy, and restricted access. 1. The Landfill Levy A levy is a tax that is intended to internalize the environmental cost of disposing of waste. In the case of the Abu Dis disposal site, there is a levy that is imposed on both sides (Palestinian and Israeli governments) for using the site. However, the economy of Israel is vastly different from that of Palestine (West Bank). For instance, the GDP of the West Bank per capita, in 2008, was $1485.30〔http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Occupied%20Palestinian%20Territory〕 while the GDP of Israel per capita, in 2008, was $28,291.90.〔http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Occupied%20Palestinian%20Territory〕 This illustrates how Palestinians pay relatively higher in waste disposal costs than Israelis. Although Palestinians can not be denied from dumping waste at the site, they can be prevented from entering the site without the capability of keeping up with levy payment. 2. Restricted Access Palestinians are legally allowed to dispose of their waste at the site; however, Palestinian access to the site is restricted in other ways. Local councils are facing financial strains paying levies, which means they often cannot enter the site legally. Also, Israeli security concerns at times of conflict cause greater restrictions, prohibiting Palestinians from reaching the site.〔48Ecopeace / Friends of the Earth Middle East, op. cit., p 4.〕 The result of the many restrictions is that Palestinian residents are unable to use the waste disposal site within their local area, while Israeli residents are capable of disposing their waste at the site. The limited Palestinian access to the site leads Abu Dis residents to illegally dump their waste at the site by entering it from the back entrance, which has been causing much environmental damage. Most of the waste is electronic and household waste; these are considered health hazards for the Bedouin communities surrounding the site. Another risk that local residents are exposed to is the release of toxins in the air from the burning of the waste that is piled in communal areas for prolonged times. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abu Dis Waste Disposal Site」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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